Carbonates and Hydrogen Carbonates Reaction with Acids

This is a reaction that can be used to prepare soluble salts in a laboratory.

By adding an excess of a soluble /insoluble carbonate or hydrogen carbonate to a dilute acid, effervescence /fizzing/bubbling out of carbon(IV)oxide gas shows the reaction is taking place.
When effervescence /fizzing/bubbling out of the gas is over, excess of the insoluble carbonate is filtered off.
The filtrate is heated to concentrate ,allowed to crystallize then washed with distilled water before drying between filter paper papers

Examples of such reactions explained above include:

PbCO_{3 (s)} + 2HNO_3(aq) → Pb(NO₃)_2(aq) + H₂O _(l)+ CO_2(g)
ZnCO_{3 (s)} + 2HNO_3(aq) → Zn(NO₃)_2(aq) + H₂O _(l)+ CO_2(g)
CaCO_{3 (s)} + 2HNO_3(aq) → Ca(NO₃)_2(aq) + H₂O _(l)+ CO_2(g)
MgCO_{3 (s)} + H₂SO_4(aq) → MgSO_4(aq) + H₂O _(l)+ CO_2(g)
CuCO_{3 (s)} + H₂SO_4(aq) → CuSO_4(aq) + H₂O _(l) + CO_2(g)
Ag₂CO_{3 (s)} + 2HNO_3(aq) → 2AgNO_3(aq) + H₂O _(l) + CO_2(g)
Na₂CO_{3 (s)} + 2HNO_3(aq) → 2NaNO_3(aq) + H₂O _(l) + CO_2(g)
K₂CO_{3 (s)} + 2HCl_(aq) → 2KCl_(aq) + H₂O _(l) + CO_2(g)
NaHCO_{3 (s)} + HNO_3(aq) → NaNO_3(aq) + H₂O _(l) + CO_2(g)
KHCO_{3 (s)} + HCl_(aq) → KCl_(aq) + H₂O _(l) + CO_2(g)

Nitrates exhibit solubility. The majority of sulphates dissolve, excluding those of lead, barium, and calcium. With the exception of lead and silver, most chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble. Oxides, carbonates, and hydroxides are largely insoluble, except for sodium, potassium, and ammonium compounds.