Movement of particles /ions /molecules from a region of low concentration that of high concentration; and uses energy; acc movement against a conc gradient.
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Identify radiation B and provide an explanation for the differing deviations observed in the paths of radiations A and C as they pass through an electric field, as depicted in figure 15.
Determine the frequency of X-rays produced in an X-ray tube with a 12000V acceleration voltage, assuming full energy conversion, using Planck's constant and the charge of an electron.
Name the components labeled A and B in the X-ray tube, explain how altering the potential across P affects X-ray intensity, and describe the cause of the high temperature in the tube during operation.
